Chapter 1: Matter and Change Key terms:
* Chemistry- is the study of composition, structure, and properties of matter, the process matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes
* Organic chemistry- study of most carbon containing compounds
* Inorganic chemistry- study of non-organic substances many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals
* Physical chemistry- the study of the properties and changes of matter and the relation to energy
* Analytical chemistry- the identification of the components and the composition of the materials
* Biochemistry- the study of substances and processes occurring in living things
* Theoretical chemistry- the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new chemical compounds
* Chemical- any substance that has a definite composition
* Mass- measure of the amount of matter
* Matter- anything that has a mass and takes up space
* Atom- smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element
* Element- a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler stable substances and is made of one type of atom
* Compound- a substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.
* Extensive properties- depend on the amount of matter present
Ex.- volume, mass, and amount of energy
* Intensive properties- do not depend on the amount of matter present
Ex. Melting point, boiling point, density, and conductivity
* Physical property- a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
* Physical change- a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of a substance
* Change of state- a physical change of a substance from one state to another
* Solid- state has definite volume and definite shape
* Liquid- state has definite volume but indefinite shape
* Gas- state has neither definite volume or definite shape
* Plasma- is a high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms
* Chemical property- relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
* Chemical change/chemical reaction- a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
* Reactants- substances that react in a chemical change
* Products- substances formed by chemical change
* Mixture- is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties
Chapter 1: Matter and Change
Key terms:
*
Chemistry- is the study of composition, structure, and properties of matter, the process matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes
*
Organic chemistry- study of most carbon containing compounds
*
Inorganic chemistry- study of non-organic substances many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals
*
Physical chemistry- the study of the properties and changes of matter and the relation to energy
*
Analytical chemistry- the identification of the components and the composition of the materials
*
Biochemistry- the study of substances and processes occurring in living things
*
Theoretical chemistry- the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new chemical compounds
*
Chemical- any substance that has a definite composition
*
Mass- measure of the amount of matter
*
Matter- anything that has a mass and takes up space
*
Atom- smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element
*
Element- a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler stable substances and is made of one type of atom
*
Compound- a substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.
*
Extensive properties- depend on the amount of matter present
Ex.- volume, mass, and amount of energy
*
Intensive properties- do not depend on the amount of matter present
Ex. Melting point, boiling point, density, and conductivity
*
Physical property- a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
*
Physical change- a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of a substance
*
Change of state- a physical change of a substance from one state to another
*
Solid- state has definite volume and definite shape
*
Liquid- state has definite volume but indefinite shape
*
Gas- state has neither definite volume or definite shape
*
Plasma- is a high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms
*
Chemical property- relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
*
Chemical change/chemical reaction- a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
*
Reactants- substances that react in a chemical change
*
Products- substances formed by chemical change
*
Mixture- is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties
*
Homogeneous- h